In his conflict with the Church, Galileo was also largely vindicated. Enlightenment thinkers like Voltaire used tales of his trial often in simplified and exaggerated form to portray Galileo as a martyr for objectivity. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present.
He was a college dropout. Galileo, whose father was a lute player and music theorist, was born in Pisa, Italy. As a preteen, Galileo began studying at a monastery near Florence and considered becoming a monk; Enlightenment thinkers in Four centuries ago, the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei put his liberty and life on the line to convince the religious establishment that the Copernican model of the solar system—in which the Earth and the other planets revolved around the sun—represented physical reality.
Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer known as the father of modern astronomy. He was the first modern European scientist to propose that Earth and other planets revolve around the sun, or the Heliocentric Theory of the universe.
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His work on astronomy made him famous and he was appointed court mathematician in Florence. In , Galileo was accused of heresy for his support of the Copernican theory that the sun was at the centre of the solar system.
This was revolutionary at a time when most people believed the Earth was in this central position. In , he was forbidden by the church from teaching or advocating these theories. In , he was again condemned for heresy after his book 'Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems' was published. This set out the arguments for and against the Copernican theory in the form of a discussion between two men.
Galileo publishes his theories, now called the theory of uniform acceleration. He proved that all bodies, regardless of their weight, fall at an equal rate, in the absence of friction. Also in this paper he stated that a ball thrown in the air follows a parabolic path.
Galileo writes a letter to Johannes Kepler supporting his heliocentric universe theory over that of Aristotle. Galileo would have published, but he was afraid of ridicule.
Galileo learns of the recent invention, the telescope. He returned to Padua and is able to improve the magnification of the telescope he bought to 32 powers. Galileo makes many different observations about the solar system, using his new telescope.
He publishes the results in the book, "Sidereus Nuncius. He leaves his position at Padua to become the first philosopher and mathematician to the grand duke of Tuscany. The Duke allowed Galileo more time to work on his projects. He visits Rome to demonstrate the telescope. After being so warmly accepted at Rome, Galileo writes three letters to formally take his position on the heliocentric theory of the universe. His main reason for believing Kepler and Copernicus were his observations of sunspots moving around the sun.
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