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While the events of now dominate global coverage of Tiananmen Square, the site has long been an important crossroads within the city of Beijing. The location took on added significance as China shifted from an emperor-led political culture to one that was governed by the Communist Party. The Qing dynasty was the last dynastic power to rule China. It governed the country from the middle of the s until The Xinhai Revolution of resulted in the overthrow of the Qings and led to the establishment of the Republic of China.
The early years of the Republic were marked by political turmoil, however, and the country fell under Japanese rule during the lead-up to World War II. At the end of the civil war, in , the Communist Party had gained control of most of mainland China. A celebration to honor the occasion was held in Tiananmen Square on October 1, More than one million Chinese people attended.
This celebration came to be known as National Day, and it is still observed annually on that date, with the largest events set in the square. Today the June 4 and 5 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre continue to resonate worldwide.
In , the U. The document includes U. State Department files related to the protests and subsequent military crackdown. On the 20th anniversary of the massacre, the Chinese government prohibited journalists from entering Tiananmen Square and blocked access to foreign news sites and social media.
Still, thousands attended a memorial vigil in honor of the anniversary in Hong Kong. Ahead of the 30 anniversary of the event, in , New York-based Human Rights Watch published a report detailing reported arrests in China of those associated with the protests. According to a survey released in by the University of Toronto and the University of Hong Kong, more than 3, words referencing the massacre had been censored. Tiananmen Square.
Tiananmen Square, Department of State: Office of the Historian. Tiananmen Square Fast Facts. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present.
His death acts as a catalyst for unhappiness with the slow pace of reform, as well as corruption and income inequality. April Protests begin at Tiananmen Square, with students calling for democracy and reform. Crowds of up to , gather, despite official warnings. April Some 50, students gather outside the Great Hall of the People as Hu's memorial service is held.
Three students attempt to deliver a petition to the government, outlining their demands, but are ignored. Rioting and looting take place in Xian and Changsha. April Around 50, students defy authorities and march to Tiananmen.
Supporting crowds number up to 1 million. May 4: Further mass protests coinciding with the anniversary of the May 4 Movement of , which was another student and intellectual-led movement for reform. Students march in Shanghai and nine other cities. May To China's embarrassment, protests prevent traditional welcome ceremony outside the Great Hall of the People for the state visit of reformist Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Students welcome Gorbachev as "The Ambassador of Democracy.
Zhao pleads with the student protesters to leave but is ignored. It is the last time Zhao is seen in public.
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