From the standpoint of the sense organ, the same object never appears similar to itself twice. Two chairs are never exactly the same. In other words, one is constantly discovering a visual field. Everything you feel, you feel for the first time. Perception is really exploration and, if we can perceive anything at all, it is because we are constantly matching incoming sensory signals to available mental models.
You rarely fail to recognise objects in your surroundings. The world is always already meaningful, and it is sometimes beautiful. The process by which a mind adapts to its world is so effective that people constantly mistake one for the other. When a large part of thought matches a large part of world, one might consciously feel what we call aesthetic emotions. Historically, aesthetics is the science of how perception meets cognition, the science of how you know what you see.
The majority of aesthetic emotions are unconscious. They occur every time you see something. When you see something important enough, you might experience these emotions consciously.
This happens through bodily changes such as tears, heartbeat increase, sweat — or shivers. The strange thing with shivering is that humans seem to shiver both when they are perfectly capable of predicting the behaviour of external objects in real time, when it all fits together so well, and, surprisingly, when nothing at all can be predicted, when the situation goes out of control.
I propose that psychogenic shivers correspond to an event where the measure of the total similarity between all sensory signals and available mental models reaches a local peak value. This can be expressed mathematically in terms of the rate of change of a function of conditional similarity.
In this context, any change in learning corresponds to an aesthetic emotion. When the function reaches a local maximum, its derivative tends toward zero, and learning slows down.
Ten years ago, Perlovsky predicted that such an event should involve knowledge about other minds and about the meaning of life. We know that psychogenic shivers can be inhibited by an excitant, the opioid-antagonist naloxone. Naloxone is what you would inject in a clinical setting to a patient who is victim of an overdose; it is the antagonist of morphine.
It does not come as a surprise that most of my subjects state that they relax after they experience an aesthetic shiver. Besides a clear analogy with the sexual drive, what does this tell us about the exploratory drive?
I argue that stories that provoke the shivers might bring about this relief of tension by allowing humans to overcome conflicts among fundamental parts of the mind. Such stories might help us to deal with internal contradictions, where both elements are equally resistant to change. Leon Festinger, who in invented the theory of cognitive dissonance, named this a dissonance of maximum amplitude.
The mind creates stories to overcome its own contradictions. Save Word. Definition of shiver Entry 1 of 4. Definition of shiver Entry 2 of 4. Definition of shiver Entry 3 of 4. Definition of shiver Entry 4 of 4. First Known Use of shiver Noun 1 13th century, in the meaning defined above Verb 1 13th century, in the meaning defined above Verb 2 15th century, in the meaning defined at intransitive sense 1 Noun 2 , in the meaning defined at sense 1.
Learn More About shiver. Time Traveler for shiver The first known use of shiver was in the 13th century See more words from the same century. Statistics for shiver Look-up Popularity.
Style: MLA. Kids Definition of shiver Entry 1 of 2. Kids Definition of shiver Entry 2 of 2. Follow the dosage guidelines on the package label. The physical exam will include the skin, eyes, ears, nose, throat, neck, chest, and abdomen. Body temperature will likely be checked.
Treatment depends on how long the chills and accompanying symptoms especially fever have lasted. American Academy of Pediatrics website. Accessed April 12, Body temperature regulation and fever. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; chap Leggett JE. Approach to fever or suspected infection in the normal host. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Nield LS, Kamat D. In: Kliegman RM, St.
Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Updated by: Linda J. Editorial team. Causes may include: Exposure to a cold environment Viral and bacterial infections.
Medicines such as acetaminophen are helpful in fighting a fever and chills. Other things to help the child feel more comfortable include: Dress the child in light clothing, provide liquids, and keep the room cool but not uncomfortable.
DO NOT use ice water or rubbing alcohol baths to reduce a child's temperature. These can cause shivering and even shock. DO NOT bundle a child with a fever in blankets. DO NOT wake a sleeping child to give medicine or take a temperature.
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